Structural Outline of the Anglo-American Legal System's Scheme of
 Recognizing and Enforcing Private Interests in Real Property
I.  Possessory Estates and Future Interests
    A.  Freehold Estates  (seisin; dower & courtesy)
         1.  Freehold Estates of Infinite or Indefinite Duration
          in  GRANTEE      GRANTOR      THIRD PARTY
              FSA          --              --
              FS           --           sh or sp EI
              FSD          POR             --
              FonCS        Rt/E            --
         2.  Freehold Estates of Definite Duration
             LE           Rev     or     REM: VR abs, or
             or                   or        : VR subj to open, or
                                  or        : VR subj to total div., or
             FT           Rev            REM: CR
    B.  Non-Freehold Estate  (Possession; not seisin)
           T/Y          Rev     or   VR or sp EI
           T/Pd         Rev     or   VR or sp EI
           TatW         Rev     or   VR or sp EI
    C.  Common Law Technical Rules  
         1.  Merger
         2.  Rule Against Perpetuities
         3.  Destructibility of Contingent Remainders
         4.  Rule in Shelly's Case 
         5.  Doctrine of Worthier Title

II.  Non-Possessory Interests  (Creation/Scope/Duration)
    A.  Easements and Profit á prendre
        1.  affirmative/negative
        2.  appurtenant/in gross
        3.  express/implied-in-fact/necessity/prescription
    B.  Real Covenants
        1.  formalities (Statute of Frauds)
        2.  intent:   benefit and burden
        3.  "touch and concern":  benefit and burden
        4.  privity of estate:  vertical, horizontal, substitutional 
            or tennurial
    C.  Equitable servitude - notice
        1.  formalities?
        2.  intent:  benefit and burden
        3.  "touch and concern":  benefit and burden
        4.  privity of estate?
    D.  License
        1.  revocable
        2.  irrevocable: "acted upon"; estoppel; part performance

III.  Concurrent Ownership of Estates  (Freehold and Non-Freehold)
    A.  Type
        1.  Cotenancy - unity of possession
        2.  Joint Tenancy - unities of time, title, interest and possession
        3.  Tenancy by the Entireties - unities of time, title, interest, 
            possession and person
   B.  Nature of Relationship
        1.  Fiduciary
        2.  Rights to Possession (use and enjoyment)
        3.  Duties (accounting & contribution)
        4.  Partition

IV.  Requirements for Effective Transfer of Estate or Interest
    A.  Intent
    B.  Formalities  (Statute of Frauds  or Statute of Wills)
    C.  Deed/lease:  Covenants for Title 
        1.  seisin or right to convey; against encumbrances;
            warranty (and quiet enjoyment)
      	 2.  types of warranties: General, Special [Quiclaim]
    D.  Delivery; escrow; relation back
    E.  Priorities: common law; recording statutes and public records; 
        BFPFVWON; record, constructive, and inquiry notice
    F.  Adverse possession (OCHEAN): statute of limitations

 V.  Status and Contract Rights, Duties, Powers, and Privileges of Holder of 
     an Estate or Interest in Real Property
    A.  Possession: rights and duties re third parties; trespass
    B.  Possession: rights and duties re holders of an other or the same estate 
        or interest in the same land: cotenancy//present and future interests/
        /lease/assignment/sublease (privity  of estate; privity of contract)
        1.  rights, duties, powers, and privileges arising out of mutual
            agreement (contract); privity of contract
        2.  rights, duties, powers, and privileges arising in the absence 
            of mutual agreement:  e.g., waste, implied covenant of quiet 
            enjoyment, implied covenant or warranty of habitability
     C.  Rights, duties, powers, and privileges created by previous owners 
         of the same estate or interest
         1.  easements                    :
         2.  covenants in deeds or leases :
             (a) for title                :
             (b) real covenants           :  : scope
         3.  equitable servitudes         :
         4.  conditions: Rt/E             :  : duration/termination 
         5.  limitations: POR             :  : (also abuse or surcharge)
         6.  licenses                     :  :"executed" or "acted upon,"
                                               estoppel, part performance  

V.  Public Controls of Land Ownership and Use
    A.  Police Power  (Regulation): public health, safety, morals and 
        general welfare; reasonableness of means; not arbitrary, 
        capricious, or an abuse of power, nor unduly oppressive on individuals
    B.  Eminent Domain: takings must be for public purpose and government 
        must provide "Just compensation" to the owner of the property 
        interests it appropriates.
    C.  Regulatory Takings
        1.  The character of the governmental action (invasive or regulatory);
        2.  The economic impact of the regulation on the claimant (Does 
            claimant still have any economic use of land available to it);
        3.  The extent to which the regulation has interfered with 
            reasonable ("distinct") investment-backed expectations.